<服务>PHP优化和扩展
目录：
php解析优化
LAMP下php的libphp5.so响应并处理php请求的方式
- apache服务器接收到php请求
- apache将php请求传递给libphp5.so模块
- libphp5.so定位php文件并加载到内存
- libphp5.so编译源代码成为opcode树
- libphp5.so执行opcode树
LNMP下php fcgi响应并处理php请求的方式
- nginx服务器接收到php请求
- nginx中的fastcgi_pass传递给fastcgiphp守护进程
- fastcgiphp定位php文件并加载到内存
- fastcgiphp编译源代码成为opcode树
- fastcgiphp执行opcode树
缓慢原因：
php每次处理请求都要重新通过php引擎来解析该程序，并将其编译为操作码，然后php对操作引擎执行并丢弃。
优化方式：
进行php操作码进行缓存，如果下一次的请求改页面，直接返回该操作码，进行执行即可，可以提高执行的效率，进而提高了web服务的响应效率
加速器种类：
xcache，eaccelerator，Zend，apc
添加加速模块准备：
[root@why-1 ~]# echo 'LC_ALL=C' >> /etc/prodfile
[root@why-1 ~]# yum install -y perl-devel
安装eaccelerator模块
eaccelerator模块为加速，优化和动态内容缓存的扩展模块 eaccelerator连接
[root@why-1 ~]# tar jxf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
[root@why-1 ~]# cd eaccelerator-0.9.6
添加php的外挂模块
[root@why-1 eaccelerator-0.9.6]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20090626
Zend Module Api No: 20090626
Zend Extension Api No: 220090626
编译指定参数
[root@why-1 eaccelerator-0.9.6]# ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
[root@why-1 eaccelerator-0.9.6]# make
[root@why-1 eaccelerator-0.9.6]# make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php5.3.27/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
添加eaccelerator配置到php配置
[root@why-1 xcache-1.3.2]# cat >> /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini<<EOF
[eaccelerator]
extension=eaccelerator.so
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
EOF
查看一下模块信息
[root@why-1 html]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -v
PHP 5.3.27 (cli) (built: Nov 3 2016 01:45:55)
Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies
with eAccelerator v0.9.6, Copyright (c) 2004-2010 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator
[root@why-1 html]# ll /tmp/eaccelerator
总用量 64
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 0
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 1
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 2
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 3
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 4
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 5
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 6
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 7
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 8
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 9
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 a
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 b
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 c
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 d
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 e
drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 12月 5 06:25 f
如果有动态请求的话
[root@why-1 html]# find /tmp/eaccelerator/ -type f
可以看到一些缓存文件
部分参数解释
[eaccelerator]
- extension=eaccelerator.so
- eaccelerator.shm_size="64" #缓存大小
- eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator" #缓存目录
- eaccelerator.enable="1" #是否缓存
- eaccelerator.optimizer="1" #是否优化
- eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" #是否检查修改时间
- eaccelerator.debug="0" #是否调试
- eaccelerator.filter="" #是否过滤
- eaccelerator.shm_max="0" #
- eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
- eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
- eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
- eaccelerator.compress="1" #是否压缩
- eaccelerator.compress_level="9" #压缩级别
xcache模块
与eAccelerator模块类似
[root@why-1 ~]# tar jxf xcache-1.3.2.tar.bz2
[root@why-1 ~]# cd xcache-1.3.2
[root@why-1 xcache-1.3.2]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20090626
Zend Module Api No: 20090626
Zend Extension Api No: 220090626
[root@why-1 xcache-1.3.2]# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
[root@why-1 xcache-1.3.2]# make
[root@why-1 xcache-1.3.2]# make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php5.3.27/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
[root@why-1 html]# vi ~/xcache-1.3.2/xcache.ini
注释掉
zend_extension = /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/non-debug-non-zts-xxx/xcache.so
zend_extension_ts = c:/php/extensions/php_xcache.dll
取消注释
; extension = xcache.so
可修改参数
xcache.size = 60M 可修改为128M
xcache.count = 1 修改为cpu核数
xcache.ttl = 0 可修改为86400 生效时间 0为永久保存
xcache.gc_interval = 0 可修改为3600 回收间隔 0为不回收
xcache.var_size = 4M 可修改为0
[root@why-1 html]# cat ~/xcache-1.3.2/xcache.ini >> /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
php数据库连接优化
缓慢原因
每次在接收到php数据库请求时都需要调用数据库
优化方式
将一些常用的数据缓存到内存
memcache模块
用于缓存的客户端软件
[root@why-1 ~]# tar xf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
[root@why-1 ~]# cd memcache-2.2.5
[root@why-1 memcache-2.2.5]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
[root@why-1 memcache-2.2.5]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
[root@why-1 memcache-2.2.5]# make
[root@why-1 memcache-2.2.5]# make install
Installing shared extensions:
[root@why-1 memcache-2.2.5]# /usr/local/php5.3.27/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
[root@why-1 imagick-2.3.0]# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
修改
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5.3.27/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"
添加
extension = memcache.so
检验
[root@why-1 html]# vi index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
扩展模块
PDO_MYSQL模块（连接mysql，oracle，sqlserver）
[root@why-1 ~]# tar xf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
[root@why-1 ~]# cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2
[root@why-1 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
[root@why-1 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
[root@why-1 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# make
[root@why-1 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# make install
imagick图片扩展依赖
在上传图片的时候对图片进行处理成不同种的略缩图
[root@why-1 ~]# tar xf ImageMagick.tar.gz
[root@why-1 ~]# cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
[root@why-1 ImageMagick-6.5.1-2]# ./configure
[root@why-1 ImageMagick-6.5.1-2]# make
[root@why-1 ImageMagick-6.5.1-2]# make install
imagick图片扩展模块
[root@why-1 imagick-2.3.0]# make && make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php5.3.27/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/
[root@why-1 ~]# tar xf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
[root@why-1 ~]# cd imagick-2.3.0
[root@why-1 imagick-2.3.0]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
[root@why-1 imagick-2.3.0]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
[root@why-1 imagick-2.3.0]# make && make install
检验
[root@why-1 imagick-2.3.0]# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
修改
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5.3.27/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"
添加
extension = pdo_mysql.so
extension = imagick.so
也可以
[root@why-1 ~]# for i in `ls /usr/local/php5.3.27/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/`;do echo "extension = $i" >> /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini ;done
设置主页index.php
[root@why-1 html]# vi index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
重启服务
kill -USR2 `cat /app/logs/php-fpm.pid`
建议
- 功能性插件一般开发人员不要求可以不考虑安装
- 优化性插件一般需要安装
apc扩展（20170825更新）
网上更多的APC-3.1.13.tgz包在PHP 5.5.30版本是无法正常编译的。
会出现的问题
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 APC-3.1.13]$ make && make install
/bin/sh /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/include -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/main -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/main -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/TSRM -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/Zend -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc.c -o apc.lo
mkdir .libs
cc -I. -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/include -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/main -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/main -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/TSRM -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/Zend -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/apc.o
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc.c: In function ‘apc_search_paths’:
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc.c:416:20: warning: assignment discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [enabled by default]
exec_fname = zend_get_executed_filename(TSRMLS_C);
^
/bin/sh /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/include -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/main -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/main -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/TSRM -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/Zend -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/php_apc.c -o php_apc.lo
cc -I. -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/include -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/main -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/main -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/TSRM -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/Zend -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/php_apc.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/php_apc.o
/bin/sh /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/include -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/main -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/main -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/TSRM -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/Zend -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_cache.c -o apc_cache.lo
cc -I. -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/include -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/main -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/main -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/TSRM -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/Zend -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_cache.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/apc_cache.o
/bin/sh /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/include -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/main -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/main -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/TSRM -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/Zend -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c -o apc_compile.lo
cc -I. -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/include -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/main -I/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13 -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/main -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/TSRM -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/Zend -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext -I/home/ec2-user/web/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/apc_compile.o
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c: In function ‘my_copy_class_entry’:
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:755:38: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
CHECK(dst->trait_precedences =
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:47:25: note: in definition of macro ‘CHECK’
#define CHECK(p) { if ((p) == NULL) return NULL; }
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c: In function ‘apc_copy_class_entry_for_execution’:
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:1956:38: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
CHECK(dst->trait_precedences =
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:47:25: note: in definition of macro ‘CHECK’
#define CHECK(p) { if ((p) == NULL) return NULL; }
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c: In function ‘apc_copy_trait_alias’:
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:2379:12: error: ‘zend_trait_alias’ has no member named ‘function’
if (src->function) {
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:2380:18: error: ‘zend_trait_alias’ has no member named ‘function’
CHECK(dst->function = my_copy_function(NULL, src->function, ctxt TSRMLS_CC));
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:47:25: note: in definition of macro ‘CHECK’
#define CHECK(p) { if ((p) == NULL) return NULL; }
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:2380:57: error: ‘zend_trait_alias’ has no member named ‘function’
CHECK(dst->function = my_copy_function(NULL, src->function, ctxt TSRMLS_CC));
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:47:25: note: in definition of macro ‘CHECK’
#define CHECK(p) { if ((p) == NULL) return NULL; }
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c: In function ‘apc_copy_trait_precedence’:
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:2416:12: error: ‘zend_trait_precedence’ has no member named ‘function’
if (src->function) {
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:2417:18: error: ‘zend_trait_precedence’ has no member named ‘function’
CHECK(dst->function = my_copy_function(NULL, src->function, ctxt TSRMLS_CC));
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:47:25: note: in definition of macro ‘CHECK’
#define CHECK(p) { if ((p) == NULL) return NULL; }
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:2417:57: error: ‘zend_trait_precedence’ has no member named ‘function’
CHECK(dst->function = my_copy_function(NULL, src->function, ctxt TSRMLS_CC));
^
/home/ec2-user/APC-3.1.13/apc_compile.c:47:25: note: in definition of macro ‘CHECK’
#define CHECK(p) { if ((p) == NULL) return NULL; }
^
make: *** [apc_compile.lo] Error 1
这是因为这个版本不支持php5.5，更多可以参考http://git.php.net/?p=pecl/caching/apc.git;a=shortlog，可以看到新版本已经支持php5.5，使用新版本即可
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 ~]$ tar xf apc-6a90406.tar.gz
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 ~]$ cd apc-6a90406
apc-6a90406/ apc-6a90406.tar.gz
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 ~]$ cd apc-6a90406
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 apc-6a90406]$ /home/ec2-user/web/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20121113
Zend Module Api No: 20121212
Zend Extension Api No: 220121212
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 apc-6a90406]$ ./configure --with-php-config=/home/ec2-user/web/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 apc-6a90406]$ ll /home/ec2-user/web/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20121212/
total 12332
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ec2-user ec2-user 799963 Aug 22 18:32 apc.so
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 300786 May 8 11:47 igbinary.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ec2-user ec2-user 1341682 Jun 23 11:13 imagick.so
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 256949 May 8 11:47 json.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ec2-user ec2-user 374176 May 8 11:47 memcached.so
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 501501 May 8 11:47 memcache.so
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 1952331 May 8 11:47 mongo.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ec2-user ec2-user 1205076 May 8 11:47 opcache.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ec2-user ec2-user 564590 May 8 11:47 opcache.so
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 1819509 May 8 11:47 redis.so
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 2090881 May 8 11:47 swoole.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 97145 Aug 17 14:28 xhprof.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ec2-user ec2-user 1294601 May 8 11:47 yaf.so
添加模块
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 apc-6a90406]$ php -m | grep -i apc
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 apc-6a90406]$ vi /home/ec2-user/web/php/etc/php.ini
[PHP]
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; About php.ini ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; PHP's initialization file, generally called php.ini, is responsible for
; configuring many of the aspects of PHP's behavior.
extension = "imagick.so"
extension = "apc.so"
检查
[ec2-user@test-web-ads-00 apc-6a90406]$ php -m | grep -i apc
apc
可能遇到的问题
如果遇到以下情况
[ec2-user@afp-wap-A-000 apc-6a90406]$ /home/ec2-user/web/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20121113
Zend Module Api No: 20121212
Zend Extension Api No: 220121212
Cannot find autoconf. Please check your autoconf installation and the
$PHP_AUTOCONF environment variable. Then, rerun this script.
解决方式
[ec2-user@afp-wap-A-001 apc-6a90406]$ sudo yum install -y autoconf
