Go:net
目录:
net包
net包这次只用的到TCP,UDP和HTTP三个
TCP
TCP的Server端
Server端处理流程
- 监听端口
- 接收Client端连接
- 创建goroutine处理连接
package main
import (
"net"
"fmt"
"bufio"
"io"
)
func process(conn net.Conn) {
defer conn.Close()
for {
reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
var buf [128]byte
n, err := reader.Read(buf[:]) // 读取数据
if err == io.EOF {
break
}
if err != nil{
fmt.Println("read from client failed, err:", err)
break
}
recvStr := string(buf[:n])
fmt.Println("收到Client发送的数据:", recvStr)
conn.Write([]byte(recvStr)) // 发送数据
}
}
func main() {
listen, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:20000")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("listen failed, err:", err)
return
}
for {
conn, err := listen.Accept() // 建立连接
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("accept failed, err:", err)
continue
}
go process(conn) // 启动一个goroutine处理连接
}
}
TCP的Client端
Client端进行TCP通信的流程
- 建立与服务端的连接
- 进行数据收发
- 关闭连接
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"os"
"bufio"
"strings"
)
func main() {
conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:20000")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("err :", err)
return
}
defer conn.Close() // 关闭连接
inputReader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
for {
input, _ := inputReader.ReadString('\n') // 读取用户输入
inputInfo := strings.Trim(input, "\r\n")
if strings.ToUpper(inputInfo) == "Q" { // 如果输入q就退出
return
}
_, err = conn.Write([]byte(inputInfo)) // 发送数据
if err != nil {
return
}
buf := [512]byte{}
n, err := conn.Read(buf[:])
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("recv failed, err:", err)
return
}
fmt.Println(string(buf[:n]))
}
}
TCP粘包问题
粘包的问题是由于Nagle算法导致的,提交的数据包不会立刻发送,而是合并发送
接收端接收不及时导致接收粘包,所以需要对数据
需要自己定义协议,可以自己定义包的长度
package proto
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
)
// Encode 将消息编码
func Encode(message string) ([]byte, error) {
// 读取消息的长度,转换成int32类型(占4个字节)
var length = int32(len(message))
var pkg = new(bytes.Buffer)
// 写入消息头
err := binary.Write(pkg, binary.LittleEndian, length)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// 写入消息实体
err = binary.Write(pkg, binary.LittleEndian, []byte(message))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return pkg.Bytes(), nil
}
// Decode 解码消息
func Decode(reader *bufio.Reader) (string, error) {
// 读取消息的长度
lengthByte, _ := reader.Peek(4) // 读取前4个字节的数据
lengthBuff := bytes.NewBuffer(lengthByte)
var length int32
err := binary.Read(lengthBuff, binary.LittleEndian, &length)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
// Buffered返回缓冲中现有的可读取的字节数。
if int32(reader.Buffered()) < length+4 {
return "", err
}
// 读取真正的消息数据
pack := make([]byte, int(4+length))
_, err = reader.Read(pack)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return string(pack[4:]), nil
}
Server端进行解包
func process(conn net.Conn) {
defer conn.Close()
reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
for {
msg, err := proto.Decode(reader)
if err == io.EOF {
return
}
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("decode msg failed, err:", err)
return
}
fmt.Println("收到client发来的数据:", msg)
}
}
func main() {
listen, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:30000")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("listen failed, err:", err)
return
}
defer listen.Close()
for {
conn, err := listen.Accept()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("accept failed, err:", err)
continue
}
go process(conn)
}
}
Client发送
func main() {
conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:30000")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("dial failed, err", err)
return
}
defer conn.Close()
for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
msg := `Hello, Hello. How are you?`
data, err := proto.Encode(msg)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("encode msg failed, err:", err)
return
}
conn.Write(data)
}
}
UDP
UDP接收端
// UDP server端
func main() {
listen, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{
IP: net.IPv4(0, 0, 0, 0),
Port: 30000,
})
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("listen failed, err:", err)
return
}
defer listen.Close()
for {
var data [1024]byte
n, addr, err := listen.ReadFromUDP(data[:]) // 接收数据
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("read udp failed, err:", err)
continue
}
fmt.Printf("data:%v addr:%v count:%v\n", string(data[:n]), addr, n)
_, err = listen.WriteToUDP(data[:n], addr) // 发送数据
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("write to udp failed, err:", err)
continue
}
}
}
UDP发送端
// UDP 客户端
func main() {
socket, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, &net.UDPAddr{
IP: net.IPv4(0, 0, 0, 0),
Port: 30000,
})
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("连接服务端失败,err:", err)
return
}
defer socket.Close()
sendData := []byte("Hello server")
_, err = socket.Write(sendData) // 发送数据
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("发送数据失败,err:", err)
return
}
data := make([]byte, 4096)
n, remoteAddr, err := socket.ReadFromUDP(data) // 接收数据
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("接收数据失败,err:", err)
return
}
fmt.Printf("recv:%v addr:%v count:%v\n", string(data[:n]), remoteAddr, n)
}
HTTP
Server端
ListenAndServer使用指定的监听地址和处理器启动一个HTTP Server端,处理器参数通常是nil,代表使用包内默认DefaultServeMux为处理器
Handle和HandleFunc函数可以向DefaultServeMux添加处理器
package main
import (
"net/http"
"fmt"
)
func sayHello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello World")
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", sayHello)
err := http.ListenAndServe(":9090", nil)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("http server failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
}
进行请求
$ curl 127.0.0.1:9090
Hello World
可以对server端进行管理
s := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: myHandler,
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
}
s.ListenAndServe()
Client端
对于GET请求
package main
import (
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
resp, err := http.Get("https://blog.whysdomain.com.com/")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("get failed, err:", err)
return
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("read from resp.Body failed,err:", err)
return
}
fmt.Print(string(body))
}
如果是带有参数的需要借助net/url
包来处理
func main() {
apiUrl := "http://127.0.0.1:9090/get"
// URL param
data := url.Values{}
data.Set("name", "why")
data.Set("age", "18")
u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(apiUrl)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("parse url requestUrl failed,err:%v\n", err)
}
u.RawQuery = data.Encode() // URL encode
fmt.Println(u.String())
resp, err := http.Get(u.String())
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("post failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("get resp failed,err:%v\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Println(string(b))
}
对应的Server端HandleFunc
func getHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
defer r.Body.Close()
data := r.URL.Query()
fmt.Println(data.Get("name"))
fmt.Println(data.Get("age"))
answer := `{"status": "ok"}`
w.Write([]byte(answer))
}
对于POST请求
package main
import (
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"strings"
)
// net/http post demo
func main() {
url := "http://127.0.0.1:9090/post"
// 表单数据
//contentType := "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
//data := "name=why&age=18"
// json
contentType := "application/json"
data := `{"name":"why","age":18}`
resp, err := http.Post(url, contentType, strings.NewReader(data))
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("post failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("get resp failed,err:%v\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Println(string(b))
}
对应的Server端HandleFunc
func postHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
defer r.Body.Close()
// 1. 请求类型是application/x-www-form-urlencoded时解析form数据
r.ParseForm()
fmt.Println(r.PostForm) // 打印form数据
fmt.Println(r.PostForm.Get("name"), r.PostForm.Get("age"))
// 2. 请求类型是application/json时从r.Body读取数据
b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("read request.Body failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Println(string(b))
answer := `{"status": "ok"}`
w.Write([]byte(answer))
}