视图的第一次封装

原来的代码

class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        query_set = Book.objects.all()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(query_set, many=True)
        return Response(book_ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        query_set = request.data
        book_ser = BookSerializer(data=query_set)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.validated_data)
        else:
            return Response(book_ser.errors)


class BookEditView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, id):
        query_set = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(query_set)
        return Response(book_ser.data)

    def patch(self, request, id):
        query_set = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(query_set, data=request.data, partial=True)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.validated_data)
        else:
            return Response(book_ser.errors)

    def delete(self, request, id):
        query_set = Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
        if query_set:
            query_set.delete()
            return Response("")
        else:
            return Response("删除的书籍不存在")

单独提出来一个GenericAPIView的APIView

• 通过self.queryset.all()获取操作的对象
• 通过self.serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)获取序列化方式

为每个操作单独创建类

最后创建对整体对象和单个对象操作的类来继承GenericAPIView和需要的操作类

class GenericAPIView(APIView):
    queryset = None
    serializer_class = None

    def get_queryset(self):
        return self.queryset.all()

    def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)


class ListModelMixin(object):
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.get_queryset()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)


class CreateModelMixin(object):
    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.validated_data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)


class RetrieveModelMixin(object):
    def retrieve(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(pk=id).first()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_obj)
        return Response(book_ser.data)


class UpdateModelMixin(object):
    def update(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(pk=id).first()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.validated_data)
        else:
            return Response(book_ser.errors)


class DestroyModelMixin(object):
    def destroy(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.get_queryset()
        try:
            queryset.get(pk=id).delete()
            return Response("")
        except Exception as e:
            return Response("信息有误")
# 我们把公共的部分抽出来 这样不管写多少表的增删改查都变的很简单
# 这样封装后我们的视图会变成这样

class BookView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


class BookEditView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, id, *args, **kwargs)

    def patch(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, id, *args, **kwargs)

    def destroy(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.delete(request, id, *args, **kwargs)

第二次封装

直接集合类分别继承对整体对象和单个对象操作的类

class ListCreateAPIView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
    pass


class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
    pass


class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


class BookEditView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, id, *args, **kwargs)

    def patch(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, id, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.delete(request, id, *args, **kwargs)

第三次封装

ViewSetMixin支持路由传递参数的功能，as_view方法支持传递参数

url可以转换为

urlpatterns = [
    # url(r'^book$', BookView.as_view()),
    # url(r'^book/(?P<id>\d+)$', BookEditView.as_view()),
    url(r'^book$', BookView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})),
    url(r'^book/(?P<pk>\d+)$', BookView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "patch": "update", "delete": "destroy"})),
]

视图变为

from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin

class ModelViewSet(ViewSetMixin, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    pass


class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

所以整体封装完就是

from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import Book
from .serializers import BookSerializer


class GenericAPIView(APIView):
    queryset = None
    serializer_class = None

    def get_queryset(self):
        return self.queryset.all()

    def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)


class ListModelMixin(object):
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.get_queryset()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)


class CreateModelMixin(object):
    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # post debug
        print(request.data)
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.validated_data)
        else:
            print(serializer.errors)
            return Response(serializer.errors)


class RetrieveModelMixin(object):
    def retrieve(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(pk=id).first()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_obj)
        return Response(book_ser.data)


class UpdateModelMixin(object):
    def update(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(pk=id).first()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.validated_data)
        else:
            return Response(book_ser.errors)


class DestroyModelMixin(object):
    def destroy(self, request, id, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.get_queryset()
        try:
            queryset.get(pk=id).delete()
            return Response("")
        except Exception as e:
            return Response("信息有误")


class ListCreateAPIView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
    pass


class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
    pass


class ModelViewSet(ViewSetMixin, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    pass


class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer   

路由还能再优化一下

from .views import BookView
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r"book", BookView, "book")

urlpatterns = [
    # url(r'^book$', BookView.as_view()),
    # url(r'^book/(?P<id>\d+)$', BookEditView.as_view()),
    # url(r'^book$', BookView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})),
    # url(r'^book/(?P<pk>\d+)$', BookView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "patch": "update", "delete": "destroy"})),

]
urlpatterns += router.urls

整体封装流程

• APIView对View封装，可以获取到request.data和request.query_params
• GenericAPIView通过get_queryset()和get_serializer()获取对象和序列化器
• ViewSetMixin通过as_view()支持传递参数路有关系
• ModelViewSet通过继承实现上边的所有功能